Raymond Chandlers Hardboiled Prose Style

The most durable thing in writing is style, said novelist Raymond Chandler, and style is the most valuable investment a writer can make with his time. These examples of Raymond Chandlers hardboiled prose style have been drawn from the opening and closing chapters of his 1939 novel, The Big Sleep. (Note that several of Chandlers sentences have been adapted for our Exercise in Identifying Nouns.) Compare and contrast Chandlers style with that of Ernest Hemingway in the excerpt from his story In Another Country. from The Big Sleep* by Raymond Chandler Opening of Chapter One It was about eleven oclock in the morning, mid October, with the sun not shining and a look of hard wet rain in the clearness of the foothills. I was wearing my powder-blue suit, with dark blue shirt, tie and display handkerchief, black brogues, black wool socks with dark blue clocks on them. I was neat, clean, shaved, and sober, and I didnt care who knew it. I was everything the well-dressed private detective ought to be. I was calling on four million dollars. The main hallway of the Sternwood Place was two stories high. Over the entrance doors, which would have let in a troop of Indian elephants, there was a broad stained-glass panel showing a knight in dark armor rescuing a lady who was tied to a tree and didnt have any clothes on but some very long and convenient hair. The knight had pushed the vizor of his helmet back to be sociable, and he was fiddling on the ropes that tied the lady to the tree and not getting anywhere. I stood there and thought that if I lived in the house, I would sooner or later have to climb up there and help him. There were French doors at the back of the hall, beyond them a wide sweep of emerald grass to a white garage, in front of which a slim dark young chauffeur in shiny black leggings was dusting a maroon Packard convertible. Beyond the garage were some decorative trees trimmed as carefully as poodle dogs. Beyond them a large greenhouse with a domed roof. Then more trees and beyond everything the solid, uneven, comfortable line of the foothills. On the east side of the hall, a free staircase, tile-paved, rose to a gallery with a wrought-iron railing and another piece of stained-glass romance. Large hard chairs with rounded red plush seats were backed into the vacant spaces of the wall round about. They didnt look as if anybody had ever sat in them. In the middle of the west wall there was a big empty fireplace with a brass screen in four hinged panels, and over the fireplace a marble mantel with cupids at the corners. Above the mantel there was a large oil portrait, and above the portrait two bullet-torn or moth-eaten cavalry pennants crossed in a glass frame. The portrait was a stiffly posed job of an officer in full regimentals of about the time of the Mexican war. The officer had a neat black imperial, black moustachios, hot hard coal-black eyes, and the general look of a man it would pay to get along with. I thought this might be General Sternwoods grandfather. It could hardly be the General himself, even though I had he ard he was pretty far gone in years to have a couple of daughters still in the dangerous twenties. I was still staring at the hot black eyes when a door opened far back under the stairs. It wasnt the butler coming back. It was a girl. Chapter Thirty-Nine: Concluding Paragraphs I went quickly away from her down the room and out and down the tiled staircase to the front hall. I didnt see anybody when I left. I found my hat alone this time. Outside, the bright gardens had a haunted look, as though small wild eyes were watching me from behind the bushes, as though the sunshine itself had a mysterious something in its light. I got into my car and drove off down the hill. What did it matter where you lay once you were dead? In a dirty sump or in a marble tower on top of a high hill? You were dead, you were sleeping the big sleep, you were not bothered by things like that. Oil and water were the same as wind and air to you. You just slept the big sleep, not caring about the nastiness of how you died or where you fell. Me, I was part of the nastiness now. Far more a part of it than Rusty Regan was. But the old man didnt have to be. He could lie quiet in his canopied bed, with his bloodless hands folded on the sheet, waiting. His heart was a brief, uncertain murmur. His thoughts were as gray as ashes. And in a little while he too, like Rusty Regan, would be sleeping the big sleep. On the way downtown I stopped at a bar and had a couple of double Scotches. They didnt do me any good. All they did was make me think of Silver Wig, and I never saw her again.   Selected Works by Raymond Chandler The Big Sleep, novel (1939) Farewell, My Lovely, novel (1940) The High Window, novel (1942) The Lady in the Lake, novel (1943) The Simple Art of Murder, essay and short stories (1950) The Long Goodbye, novel (1954) NOTE: The sentences in our Exercise in Identifying Nouns were adapted from the sentences in the first three paragraphs of The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler. * Raymond Chandlers The Big Sleep was originally published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1939 and republished by Vintage in 1988.

Requirements for Starting a Restaurant Business Essay

Requirements for Starting a Restaurant Business Restaurant business is the organized effort of an individual to produce and sell for a profit the goods and services that satisfy society needs (Lundberg and Walker 2). To organize a restaurant business, businessman must have to have four kind of resources; material, human, financial and information. These four resources apply for every kind of business no matter what kind of business it is youre going to start. For example in order to start restaurant business under material category it includes equipment tables, chairs and other decoration supply etc. An individual cant run restaurant business because it is a team effort business, which needs†¦show more content†¦There are 600 new restaurants opening every month and over 200 more needed to keep pace with increasing demand. Virtual Restaurant Consultant Company makes both of these above statement. California has one of the biggest diversity of Asian population according to the census 2000. This shows that as population i s growing at the fast rate there is need for new restaurants with increase too. That why it is right time for to open Restaurant. Looking For Money: To start off restaurant business you need money because money is the product through which we are going to purchase materials and generally keep the business operating. There are different sources from which you can borrow money. A. Family or Friends: Borrowing money from family or friends is the cheapest from of borrowing. In order to borrow money from them you have to have your whole plan ready because you have to convince them that your plan is strong and able to pay off their money during the time limit that you are going to fix. For example the owner of the Ahlishan restaurant in Berkeley (C.A) who also borrow little amount of money from his friend said that this is one of the best ways to borrow money for her restaurant. B. Banks: Getting money from the banks is little bit harder because individual have to fulfill their need. The first step in order to apply loan from banks is that you have toShow MoreRelatedWala1046 Words   |  5 PagesA Hotel And Restaurant Management Career Might Be For You Leave a comment  » A career in hotel and restaurant management might be for you if you like to make important decisions, hire staff and run the day to the day operations of your business. It might sound like fun stuff but it is hard work. As a manager, you will be the first one to arrive and the last one to leave. All responsibility will fall on you. 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My only concern is that this is my first time investing a large amount of money. Bosnian Food is very unique. Most Bosnian people have very busy schedules and they don’t have time to cook. My restaurant would feature traditional Bosnian food andRead MoreRaising Capital For A Young Business : Case Study819 Words   |  4 PagesRaising capital for a young business can be a difficult process. My businesses inevitably fail simply because they did not have the right amount of capital to start with (Keyes, 2007). A lack of capital can force an entrepreneur to make poor decisions simply because they did not have enough money to make the right one. A lack of fundi ng will also lead to a lack of cash follow, which is considered the life blood of a starting business. 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The company will advertise its products in CanadaRead MoreTe The Mission And Vision1702 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Opportunities †¢ Less competition for same product †¢ The growing trend of nutritional food in NZ. †¢ The existing business is very famous among the target Market. Threats †¢ Immense grow of the fast food industry †¢ Changes of rules and regulation of the government. (interest rate, tax rate) Legal environment This contains with rules and regulations and policies that every business need to follow no matter its small or large. Legal boundaries guide, assist, protect and prevent firms. Hence, everyRead MoreBusiness1473 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Analysis Phase IV Team A Leland Cannon, Tracy Garcia, Jeff Green, Udonna Newton FIN 370 June 12, 2012 Peggy Determeyer Company Analysis Phase IV * Buffalo Wild Wings, Inc. operates chicken wing restaurants that are located within the borders of the United States and Canada. Two friends, Jim Disbrow and Scott Lowery, founded the company in 1982 in Ohio. 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Bullying and Sociological Stand Point - 1270 Words

Bullying Report BSHS/325 December, 2012 Instructor: John B. Green Bullying Report Bullying has been a problem for a very long time; however in these present times bullying is becoming an epidemic. Maybe the reason behind this is the new occurrence of social media in our society, and the new strategies used by bullies to harass there victims. In this report the topics that will be covered are why bullying is an issue to study in human development, describe three components or types of behavior in bullying that are observed by researchers. Explain how gender and sexual orientation that influence the styles of bullying, how bullying affects self-esteem and what affect does the family system have on bullying.†¦show more content†¦Bullies Spread rumors about someone, or embarrassing them in public all with the intention of ruining their social status amongst their peers. In cases you have strong minded individuals that can stand tall in these situations and move past this obstacle currently present. Then you have those who can’t cope wit h the label of social outcast then chose to do the unimaginable. Physical bullying is the final stage of behavior; it involves hurting a person physically or damaging their possessions. Violence can occur and it can be very freighting and have the potential to leave ill effects on one’s psychological state. Punching, spitting, tripping, taking or breaking possessions and making rude gestures. How does gender and sexual orientation influence styles of bullying? When dealing with sexual orientation and gender bullying can take many different forms. It can be gender specific, male against female harassment or vice versa, they ridicule others physical appearance for what they may have or lack thereof. Girls can be very cruel when pertaining to these things; a girl could be developing late or even earlier. Because of this reason she may not be along the same lines as the other girls, therefore will be singled out for it. With males all of the things described from the fe male perspective can also occur. A lot of it has to do with the physical aspect ofShow MoreRelatedThe Problem of Bullying Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesof bullying has accumulated an adequate amount of attention to grow into a national concern. In the textbook, Sociology Now: The Essentials by Michael Kimmel and Amy Aronson, a study disclosed that 77 percent, in Midwestern towns, reported being a victim of bullying during their school years (p. 433). Bullying develops when a person is continually teased or physically hurt, sometimes both, for durations of time. 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The Theory of Evolution Essay - 1353 Words

The ongoing scientific investigation of how exactly evolution occurred and continues to occur has been an argumentative idea amongst society since Darwin first articulated it over a century ago. The scientific basis of evolution accounts for happenings that are also essential concerns of religion; both religion and science focus on the origins of humans and of biological diversity. For instance, in the reading â€Å"Truth Cannot Contradict Truth,† Pope John Paul II, addressing the Pontifical Academy of Science, discussed the matter of God as creator of man. The Pope explains that men cannot relate to animals because men are superior. The reasoning for that is because God created humans under his likeness. What the church is saying about mankind†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment† (O’Neil, 1998-2013). Scientists call this reproductive success.  "Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population† (Futuyma, 2000-2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research. In the science of paleontology, the history of life is studied. Paleontologists study fossils to learn the past ecologies, evolution, and the origins of humans. In order to understand the processes that have led to both the origination and destruction of organisms since life began, paleontologists incorporate both scientific knowledge and studies. Fossil findings are critically important for confirming predictions of evolution theory. Of the many discoveries that are made yearly to add depth to the understanding of evolution, an example is a recent discovery of a creature they named Tiktaalik. The Tiktaalik was uncovered to be a transitional animal between shallow-water fishes and limbed animals. The creature supports the idea that it emerged from both mammals and reptiles, suggesting that the two are related. These findings support prediction of evolution, contradicting the belief that GodShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution And Evolution1685 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Since Charles Darwin suggested the theory of evolution by natural selection in this best-known work, On the Origin of Species, controversy has followed. As a (computer) scientist, this student has no personal problem with the theory of evolution. However, since the debate of whether or not evolution actually exists is still alive and well today, a brief exploration of the arguments against is not only interesting, but also increasingly necessary. Why is there such disparity over this topic overRead MoreEvolution And Theory Of Evolution2859 Words   |  12 Pages come up with a variety of theories to answer the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from?† The theory of evolution is just one of the many theories written over the centuries that attempts to answer this question; however, it holds the distinction of being the only theory accepted as scientifically true in today’s world. This paper will discuss the theory of evolution in detail; topics addressed include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as wellRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution754 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student’s Name Name of University Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been a topic of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries that support Darwin’s theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural selection or survival of the fittest, the preservationRead MoreThe Theories Of The And Evolution756 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained the concept of growth and evolution, Freud theorized explanations for our suppressed cognition, Archimedes ran out of a bathtub yelling Eureka once he established the concept of density, and many other renowned scientists provided substantial theories to explain common associations within everyday life. These brilliant researchers gave reason to the term â€Å"why†. They provoked curiosity, established ideologies, and generated scientific laws that define logic. Evolution, adaptation, and developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Evolution1802 Words   |  8 Pagesproduced mankind. However, the philosophical theory of evolution has no solid evidence, whereas creation can be proven. Science is supposed to be based on observation, right? The best theories satisfy the test of expe rimentation. No one can test if evolution happened. Non one can prove that evolution actually happened. But what evidence can we place against evolution? In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution. One hundred and fifty-six years laterRead MoreEvolution Versus Creation And The Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution versus creation is one of the most controversial topics that have ever been exposed to the world. Scientist and creationist both argue that their perspective is more right than the other. In reality both sides don’t know the exact truth behind the creation of the world. 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His theory had become one the fundamental unifying principles of modern biology and The Theory of Evolution Essay - 1353 Words There is no debate that the worlds first power of surviving relies on evolution, to a point where one does not have to look outside the box to witness it ... theyre sitting on it. Many have mistaken the term Evolution with a state of randomness, an improvement or even a biogenesis. Others have related it to the origins of the universe, a social Darwinism that resulted in a massive diversity regarding theory and ideology. While people choose to rest their bodies on a chair in attempt to find an answer to its definition, some have rested their minds and accepted the fact that it only means change over time. Its no question that life on earth is related through common descent and has been changing for a long time, yet the real conflict†¦show more content†¦history. It is now safe to say that Le Corbusier is to modern architecture what Christopher Columbus is to the world: the hero of the heroic period. Around that time, Le Corbusier was the dominant force in not only architectu ral schools, but all over the world. His name was pronounced by all tongues and people learned, studied and analyzed his innovations to a point where he became the obsession of everyone whose mind and heart connect to architecture. His name was the first letter of the architectural alphabet. Now what our parents have taught us all in our early childhood is not to believe everything we are told... I know, you too believed everything you were told. According to Wikipedia, modernism is: - The notion that Form follows function, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose - Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of unnecessary detail. - Materials at 90 degrees to each other. - Visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements) - The related concept of Truth to materials, meaning that the true nature or natural appearance of a material ought to be seen rather than concealed or altered to represent something else. - Use ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution And Evolution1685 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Since Charles Darwin suggested the theory of evolution by natural selection in this best-known work, On the Origin of Species, controversy has followed. As a (computer) scientist, this student has no personal problem with the theory of evolution. However, since the debate of whether or not evolution actually exists is still alive and well today, a brief exploration of the arguments against is not only interesting, but also increasingly necessary. Why is there such disparity over this topic overRead MoreEvolution And Theory Of Evolution2859 Words   |  12 Pages come up with a variety of theories to answer the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from?† The theory of evolution is just one of the many theories written over the centuries that attempts to answer this question; however, it holds the distinction of being the only theory accepted as scientifically true in today’s world. This paper will discuss the theory of evolution in detail; topics addressed include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as wellRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution754 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student’s Name Name of University Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been a topic of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries that support Darwin’s theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural selection or survival of the fittest, the preservationRead MoreThe Theories Of The And Evolution756 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained the concept of growth and evolution, Freud theorized explanations for our suppressed cognition, Archimedes ran out of a bathtub yelling Eureka once he established the concept of density, and many other renowned scientists provided substantial theories to explain common associations within everyday life. These brilliant researchers gave reason to the term â€Å"why†. They provoked curiosity, established ideologies, and generated scientific laws that define logic. Evolution, adaptation, and developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Evolution1802 Words   |  8 Pagesproduced mankind. However, the philosophical theory of evolution has no solid evidence, whereas creation can be proven. Science is supposed to be based on observation, right? The best theories satisfy the test of expe rimentation. No one can test if evolution happened. Non one can prove that evolution actually happened. But what evidence can we place against evolution? In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution. One hundred and fifty-six years laterRead MoreEvolution Versus Creation And The Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution versus creation is one of the most controversial topics that have ever been exposed to the world. Scientist and creationist both argue that their perspective is more right than the other. In reality both sides don’t know the exact truth behind the creation of the world. Evolution is the process in which something changes into something different and typically resulting in it becoming more complex and better formed. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist, suggested a theoryRead MoreTheory of Evolution Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesso there was no need for evolution; hence, there was no sign of evolution from the beginning. Since sin came into the world, man has been deceived into thinking there is evolution. We are not talking abou t the theory of evolution that says man started from an amoeba or as an ape and eventually began to walk upright; not that evolution, but evolution in the sense of development. There are developments in the earth and therefore it can be considered as a form of evolution, but truly would it be classifiedRead MoreEvolution Of A Evolutionary Theory1500 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution is descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used in proposing the at Earth’s many species are descendants of ancestral species that were different The power of evolution as a unifying theory is its ability to explain and connect a vast array of observations about the living world. Aristotle believed that life forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity. Each form of life, perfect and permanent, had its allotted space. Darwin argued that classification should be based onRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution Essay553 Words   |  3 PagesBiological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supportedRead MoreThe Theory Of Biological Evolution1192 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Darwinism is defined as the application of the theory of biological evolution to human affairs. It was used to justify and clarify many notions of nationalism and imperialism. Science played a huge role in the coming about of this new discovery but in reality, the society shaped the science of what it was about. Charles Darwin was the root of new era and was profound to come up with the theory of evolution. His theory had become one the fundamental unifying principles of modern biology and

Thes View Of Reality - 1500 Words

Actor, Filmmaker, and Director, Sidney Poitier was born on February 20, 1924, in Miami, Florida to Reginald and Evelyn Poitier. On this day he was born, â€Å"two and a half months prematurely while his Bahamian parents were on vacation in Miami (Biography.com). However, â€Å"as soon as he was strong enough, Poitier left the United States with his parents for the Bahamas† (Biography.com). His father, Reginald, a poor tomato farmer, moved the family to the capital, Nassau, when Poitier was eleven and it was there that Sidney first encountered cinema (PBS.org). It is stated that, â€Å"even at a young age, Sidney recognized the ability of cinema to expand one’s view of reality† (PBS.org). It was in an interview that, â€Å"Poitier later told Frank Spotnitz in†¦show more content†¦The theater’s cofounder Frederick O’Neal, â€Å"Became impatient with Poitier’s Caribbean accent and poor reading skill† (Notablebiographies.com). L ater in time Poitier told Los Angeles Times, He came up on the stage, furious, and grabbed me by the scruff of my pants and my collar and marched me toward the door (Notablebiographies.com). Despite this upset, Poitier didn’t stop there, â€Å"determined to succeed, continued working in the restaurant but listened to radio broadcasts in his spare time to improve his speaking. He later returned to the theater and was hired as a janitor in exchange for acting lessons† (Notablebiographies.com). While working at the theater, â€Å"Poitier was given the role of understudying Harry Belefonte in the play â€Å"Days of our Youth.† Filling in for Belefonte one night, Poitier made his public debut† (PBS.org). After the success of his one-night appearance, Poitier’s acting, â€Å"led to a small role in a production of the Greek comedy Lysistrata (Notablebiographies.com). It is also noted that, â€Å"on opening night of the latter play (Lysistrata), Poitier was so nervous that he delivered the wrong lines and ran off the stage; still, his brief appearance so impressed critics that he ended up getting more work† (Notablebiographies.com). After the success of this play, Poitier became a name in history when his role, â€Å"landed him another in the play Anna Lucasta,

Toyota Business Plan free essay sample

Toyota is the leader of the hybrid technology with its Prius. The Prius was the world’s first mass-produced hybrid car (Case, paragraph 2, ‘The Prius†¦higher speeds. ’). Toyota used the Prius as the centre-piece of their campaign to give themselves a more environmental image compared to their rivals. The reason why the Prius was such a success and other hybrid models were having troubles to get buyers, is that the buyers of the Prius want to make a statement about themselves. They want to show people that they are more environmentally aware then other people.Toyota recently had some troubles with their cars in 2010 (Case, paragraph 7, ‘In 2010†¦brake problems. ’). They had to re-call 437,000 hybrid cars because of some brake problems. All over the world people want to have this new hybrid car but the world’s second-largest car market is China (Case, paragraph 8, ‘China, meanwhile†¦surges ahead. ’) The second-largest auto industry used to be in Japan but China overtook it three years ago and China is going to surpass the United States as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Business Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But although they had to deal with some setbacks, Toyota is planning to develop the hybrid technology even further. They spent over $1 billion on research and development and they have plans to produce six new hybrid cars by the end of 2012 (Case, paragraph 10, ‘By the end†¦by 2020. ’). But Toyota is not the only company producing hybrid vehicles any more. The degree of rivalry is getting bigger and that’s why the question now is whether Toyota should continue with the development of their hybrid technology, or should they invest in new technology that enables them to produce fully electric cars?To analyse whether Toyota should stick to hybrid technology or invest in a new technology, I decided to use the Five Forces Model. This model contents the following forces: 1. The degree of rivalry 2. Threat of new entrants (and entry barriers) 3. Supplier power 4. Buyer power 5. Threat of substitutes (Book ‘An introduction into marketing and strategy’, page 80 exhibit 4. 6 The Five Forced of Industry Structure). First of all, the degree of rivalry on hybrids and full-electric cars for Toyota is very high.There are many competitors like Nissan, General Motors and Ford (Case, paragraph 9, ‘Both Nissan†¦this year. ’). Nissan and General Motors just promoted their new electric-powered vehicles on the market, and Ford is planning to start selling an all-electric version of the Ford Focus later this year. Nissan introduced the first all-electric vehicle called the Nissan Leaf, and General Motors thinks they’re going to have a breakthrough with the Chevrolet Volt, a hybrid car running on rechargeable batteries. Case, paragraph 10, ‘Nissan, one of†¦gasoline engine kicks in. ’). But even though the degree of rivalry is high, Toyota sticks to their hybrid technology and they keep developing. But it might be a good idea for Toyota to start investing in a new technology that would enable them to produce fully electric cars. Secondly, the threat of new entrants is also high. When industries like Toyota boast relatively high on sales in hybrids, they attract the attention of firms operating elsewhere who are looking for new arenas to compete in.Because Toyota was such a success, many companies like Nissan and Ford became interested in this type of industry. Also, the barrier of entry is relatively low. The hybrid technology is not a secret and can be used by any company. That’s why it is easy for other companies to compete in this industry. Therefore, it is of big importance that Toyota starts investing in a new technology for that the stay the leader in this industry. Finally, the threat of substitutes is relatively high as well. As mentioned in the second paragraph, Toyota had some setbacks to deal with.In 2010 they had to re-call 437,000 hybrid cars, which started some concerns over the Prius’ safety and it threatened to undermine Toyota’s reputation in Toyota’s home market Japan (Case, paragraph 7, ‘Concerns over†¦unintended acceleration. ’). Because of this, it is easy for other companies to satisfy the same demand. If Toyota starts selling fully electric cars, the threat of substitutes won’t be as high as it is now because it is more difficult for other companies to satisfy this demand.If you look at the analysis from the Five Forces Model, you can conclude that it would be best for Toyota to invest in new technology. The threat of new entrants won’t be as high because the technology is new and not every company can take over this technology straight away. My advice, therefore, would be to start investing in new technology so they are able to produce fully electric cars. If they do this, the company will become the leader in this industry because no other company has used this technology already and they will keep the leadership in green car technology.

Feminism in Literature free essay sample

Nikita Nankov February 10, 2013 Feminism in literature Feminism is defined as a collection of movements and ideologies that are focused on establishing equal economic, political, and social rights for women. This includes equal employment opportunities for women. There is a big misconception of the feminist movement. A lot of people take a radical approach; they focus on a theory that there is a male supremacy to oppress women. The radical feminists tend to strive for greater feminine power and deviate from the original concept of feminism that strives for equality. Feminism was first introduced into literature in the nineteenth century. The number of published women authors was greater in the nineteenth century than in any preceding century. Womens access to higher education increased exponentially during the century, providing them with skills that they could use to develop their art. The growth of market economies, cities, and life expectancies changed how women in Europe and the United States were expected to conform to new social pressures, and made many women more conscious of their imposed social, legal, and political inequality. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminism in Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many social reform movements led by nineteenth-century women, such as religious revivalism, abolitionism, temperance, and suffrage; gave women writers an audience and a forum in which they could express their views. Before the feminist movement migrated to literature women writers were largely confined into writing children’s poetry and literature. Women started migrating and started writing fiction. However the critical reviews of the age pummeled their works for lack of critical judgment and rationality and dismissed their work as being designed for the unrefined taste of women readers. Great novelist like Mary Shelly, George Sand and George Elliot never completely escaped the harsh criticism of their work based only on their gender. The legacy of sexism has been a historic element that helps dismiss the work of many great women writers. Feminist women writers come from all over the world, including Puerto Rico. Julia de Burgos is a well-known puertorican writer, but Burgos is best known for her feminist poems. Julia de Burgos poetry includes a variety of themes, including an inclination to the erotic and to social activism. Burgos feminist poems present a philosophical view of the role of women in Puerto Rican society. Burgos explores womanhood issues in her efforts to break away from hindering social patterns. Burgos stands out as an early feminist activist at a time when Puerto Rican culture restricted women to the traditional roles of spouse and mother. Authors of the feminist movement differentiate between gender and sex. They believe the person’s sex is predetermined and natural. Meanwhile the gender has been created by society along with the perception of gender roles. They believe that gender roles can be altered over time. The predominance of one gender of the other is seen in almost every society. The fact that this dominance is not in favor of women is a characteristic of feminist literature. Feminist authors argue that any society that does not provide equal opportunities to both genders is not an unbiased and complete society. Women in feminist literature are presented as protagonist, who usually does not accept the traditional predetermined roles dictated by society. Feminism in literature is not strictly limited to female writers; an example of this is James Joyce. Joyce’s texts are filled with feminine images. The way Joyce depicts women in his text may be tricky for people who reading his text for the first time. Joyce presents all the sufferings and hardships women go through. In Eveline the narrator talks about talks about a deprived female, referring to Eveline. Eveline lacks basic things that most people around the world have. For example she didn’t have a happy childhood. When she was playing as a little girl in the field her dad would chase her. In this example we can see the father is a dominant male figure that restricts the female of basic things like playing. Works cited Hudock, Amy, et al. Feminism in Literature. New York: Thomson Gale, 2005. Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Encyclopedia of Feminist Literature. New York: Facts On File, 2006. Joyce, James. Eveline. N. p. : Pennsylvania State University, 2005.